The skin is the body’s largest organ and its essential “armor.” To maintain good health, skin needs extra attention as we age.
The skin has three layers. Working together, they act as the body’s
• shield by preventing bacteria and viruses from getting into the body and keeping body fluids from evaporating out;
• insulation by preserving body temperature through fatty padding, sweat glands, and pores;
• sensor by protecting us from harm through nerve endings that signal when things are too hot, too sharp, etc.
In the normal aging process, skin
• lightens and thins, becoming more fragile, drier, itchy, and subject to tearing;
• loses fat, which increases bruising. The absence of a fatty layer also makes it harder to maintain body temperature and affects absorption of some drugs;
• becomes less sensitive to heat/cold, pressure, and other warning signs of potential injury;
• repairs more slowly and depends more than ever on good nutrition for healing.
Daily routines are important in the care of aging skin. Help your loved one
• stay hydrated. Ensure adequate intake of water, typically six to eight 8-oz. glasses per day;
• maintain good nutrition. Protein (found in eggs, milk products, beans, poultry, meat, and fish) is particularly important to wound healing;
• use moisturizers. Skin lotion helps replace missing oils and reduce itching. Moist skin also heals faster. Consider adding a room humidifier in overly hot or dry environments;
• bathe only as necessary. Ensure bath water is warm but not too hot. Soap and water dehydrate the skin, so avoid harsh and perfumed soaps. Using bath oils is unwise because of slip-and-fall risk;
• avoid cuts or scrapes. Watch for sharp-edged clothing fasteners, straps, or other rough surfaces. Take care not to bruise or tear the skin when removing bandages or when using a firm grip to help someone stand;
• prevent sunburn. Use sunscreen, long-sleeved shirts, and long pants.
From “Take Care” A Family Caregiver Resource, Crossroads Hospice
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